It may, however, be easier to execute a JSON file
directly as explained in the following section. The biggest problem of the space delimited format is that visually
separating keywords from arguments can be tricky. This is a problem
especially if keywords take a lot of arguments and/or arguments
contain spaces. In such cases the pipe delimited variant can
work better because it makes the separator more visible. Suite files typically use the .robot extension, but what files are
parsed can be configured.
It is also shown
in a more formal keyword documentation, which the Libdoc tool can create
from resource files. Finally, the first logical row of the documentation,
until the first empty row, is shown as a keyword documentation in test logs. Argument converters are functions or other callables that get arguments used
in data and convert them to desired format before arguments are passed to
keywords. Converters are registered for libraries by setting
ROBOT_LIBRARY_CONVERTERS attribute (case-sensitive) to a dictionary mapping
desired types to converts. When implementing a library as a module, this
attribute must be set on the module level, and with class based libraries
it must be a class attribute.
Although it is recommended to have it at the end of keyword
where it logically belongs, its position does not affect how it is used. As the example illustrates, embedding arguments to keyword names
3.2 Installing using pip
can make the data easier to read and understand even for people without
any Robot Framework experience. User keywords can have similar settings as test cases, and they
have the same square bracket syntax separating them from keyword
names. All available settings are listed below and explained later in
this section. Instead of creating complicated expressions, it is often better
Plan the Structure of Your Guide
to move the logic into a custom library.
Get_library_information supports also returning general library documentation
to be used with Libdoc. It is done by including special __intro__ and __init__
entries into the returned library information dictionary. Remote servers can also provide general library documentation to
be used when generating documentation with the Libdoc tool.
A listener is not required to
implement any official interface, and it only needs to have the methods it
actually needs. Initialization files have the same structure and syntax as test case files,
except that they cannot have test case sections and not all settings are
Pattern installation
supported. define installation instructions Variables and keywords created or imported in initialization files
are not available in the lower level test suites. If you need to share
variables or keywords, you can put them into resource files that can be
imported both by initialization and test case files.
Support to specify arguments as tuples like (‘name’, ‘default’)
is new in Robot Framework 3.2. Support for positional-only arguments
in dynamic library API is new in Robot Framework 6.1. If the returned keyword names contain several words, they can be returned
separated with spaces or underscores, or in the camelCase format. One of the benefits of the dynamic API is that you have more flexibility
in organizing your library.
With libraries implemented as classes, it is
also possible to use the converters argument with the @library decorator. Both of these approaches are illustrated by examples in the following sections. Most of the content of output files comes from keywords and their
log messages. When creating higher level reports, log files are not necessarily
needed at all, and in that case keywords and their messages just take space
unnecessarily. Log files themselves can also grow overly large, especially if
they contain FOR loops or other constructs that repeat certain keywords
multiple times.
But wait – how are users going to install your software product without you there to help them? This is where you need to make use of a software installation guide to enable users to properly set up your product without running into errors. If the run_keyword method accepts three arguments, the second argument
gets all positional arguments as a list and the last arguments gets all
named arguments as a mapping. If it accepts only two arguments, named
arguments are mapped to positional arguments.
If the suite
teardown fails, all tests in the suite are marked failed afterwards in
reports and logs. In UNIX-like environments, shell scripts provide a simple but powerful
mechanism for creating custom start-up scripts. Windows batch files
can also be used, but they are more limited and often also more
complicated. A platform-independent alternative is using Python or
- Because a directory alone cannot have that
kind of information, it must be placed into a special test suite initialization
file. - Both named argument syntax and argument conversion are new in
Robot Framework 4.0. - These attributes must be
class or module attributes, depending whether the library is
implemented as a class or a module. - If you specify same individual variable multiple times, the one specified
last will override earlier ones. - Whether to use a unit- or acceptance-level testing approach depends on
the context. - By default, Apptainer bind mounts /home/$USER,
/tmp, and $PWD into your container at runtime.
some other high-level programming language.
For production usage you need to manage a separate set of all configuration
files for each cluster you operate. When using the tarball, custom
folders can be specified, and they don’t have to be owned by root. This command creates a sub-directory called ubuntu/ with an entire
Ubuntu operating system and some SingularityCE metadata in your current
working directory. This example works because hostfile.txt exists in the user’s home directory
($HOME). By default, SingularityCE bind mounts $HOME, the current
working directory, and additional system locations from the host into the
container.